更换源

更换系统源（如 Ubuntu 的apt源、CentOS 的yum/dnf源）的核心目的是解决官方源在国内使用时的 “访问慢、不稳定、甚至无法使用” 问题，本质是通过切换到国内镜像源，优化软件下载、更新的体验和可靠性。

## Ubuntu
以Ubuntu 24.04为例 。
首先备份系统默认的源列表，以防出现问题时可以恢复：

```bash
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
```

**编辑源列表文件**：

```bash
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
```

**替换为国内源**
将文件中的内容替换为国内源，以下是几个常用的国内源：

**阿里云源**：

```txt
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
```

**清华大学源**：

```txt
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
```

**保存并退出**: 【esc】+ wq

**更新源**：

```txt
apt update
```

**升级软件包**：

```bash
apt upgrade
```