更换源

## kali

```bash
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
```

```txt
#中科大Kali镜像源
 
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
```

```txt
#阿里云Kali镜像源
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
```

```txt
#清华大学Kali镜像源
 
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
```

## Ubuntu

首先备份系统默认的软件源配置，后续可随时恢复：

```bash
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
```

阿里云源

```txt
# 阿里云 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (noble) 源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

```

清华大学源（适合教育网或者北方用户）

```txt
# 清华大学 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (noble) 源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

```

中科大源（备用，稳定性好）

```txt
# 中科大 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (noble) 源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

```

## ubuntu.source格式

```bash
test@ubuntu: cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# Ubuntu sources have moved to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
```

```bash
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.bak
```

阿里云源：

```txt
Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-security noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
```

清华大学源：

```txt
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-security noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
```

中国科学技术大学源：

```txt
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-security noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
```

## 更新

```bash
sudo apt update -y
sudo apt upgeade -y
sudo apt autoremove -y
sudo apt clean 
```

```txt
sudo apt update -y #刷新本地软件源缓存，获取所有软件包的最新版本信息
sudo apt upgeade -y #升级系统中已安装的所有软件包到最新版本（不会自动升级系统版本，如从 24.04 到 24.10）。
sudo apt autoremove -y #自动删除 “不再被系统依赖的多余包”（通常是之前安装软件时自动安装、但后续被卸载软件的残留依赖）。
sudo apt clean  #清空 /var/cache/apt/archives/ 目录下的所有下载包（.deb 文件），释放磁盘空间（这些包是之前安装 / 更新时下载的，清理后不影响已安装软件）。
```